Spatial data. Why are they needed?
One of the main activities of the State Budget Institution “Spatial Data Fund of the Republic of Tatarstan” is the collection of spatial information on the territory of our Republic. However, not many can give an exact answer, what is spatial data.
Generally speaking, spatial data are any materials, whether maps, diagrams or aerial photographs which contain information about the object and you can set its location, size, shape and properties of the object. Such objects can be: natural objects (ravine, trees, spring), artificial objects (buildings, structures, communications), as well as natural celestial bodies.
When working with such materials, all concepts and main points are regulated by Federal Law No. 431-ФЗ dated December 22, 2015 “On Geodesy, Cartography and Spatial Data and on Amending Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation”, which clearly states that “spatial data is data about spatial objects, including information about their shape, location and properties, including those presented using coordinates; ”Clause 4, Art. 3.
Everything that surrounds a person has any spatial information and such information is necessary in many areas of human activity.
So before carrying out construction work, it is necessary to conduct a topographic survey of the area, including obtaining information about the terrain for calculating the volume of earthwork. To confirm the position of the disputed borders of the plots and territories of the Republic, archival maps and aerial photographs of the studied territory can be used. When identifying areas of flooding and flooding of territories, various information is analyzed obtained as a result of airborne or ground-based laser scanning, operational aerial photography of the terrain by unmanned aerial vehicles, cartographic material, etc.
The fund allows you to accumulate such information and process it in the form necessary for the user.